在项目管理中，进度管理（Scheduel management）、成本管理(Cost management)、范围管理(Scope management)构成了项目管理的铁三角，而其中，进度管理（控制管理）的重要性不可忽视。特别是在海外工程项目中，如何做好进度管理成为确保合同工期兑现的至关重要的环节。
In project management, schedule management, cost management, and scope management form the project management "Iron Triangle,"of with the importance of schedule management (control management) being crucial. Particularly in overseas project engineering, effective schedule management becomes a pivotal aspect in ensuring the realization of contractual timelines.
详细规划与计划制定。在海外项目工程中，详细的规划和计划制定是确保进度管理成功的基础。项目管理团队应充分了解项目的整体情况，明确项目的目标和阶段性的任务。以合同工期为基线（Baseline）通过合理的计划，包括工作分解结构（WBS）、甘特图等工具，制定出清晰可行的项目进度计划。秘鲁钱凯港项目使用普瑞玛P6企业级工程项目管理软件(Oracle's Primavera P6 Enterprise Project Portfolio Management)是比较先进工具，在环节管理中更直截了当，重要工序完成时间精确到小时。
Detailed Planning and Schedule Making。In overseas project engineering, detailed planning and schedule development lay the foundation for underlines successful schedule management. The project management team should thoroughly understand the overall project situation, defining project goals and stage-specific tasks. Using the contract timeline as the baseline, a clear and feasible project schedule is established with rational planning, including tools such as Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and Gantt charts. The use of Oracle's Primavera P6 Enterprise Project Portfolio Management software in the Peru Chancay Port project is an advanced tool that streamlines management, ensuring precise completion times for critical tasks.
风险评估与应对策略。海外项目往往伴随着各种不确定性因素，如政治、文化、法律等方面的风险，要特别重视社区管理在进度管理中的负面影响。在进度管理中，项目管理团队应该进行全面的风险评估，识别可能影响进度的风险因素。技术方案超前进度三个月编制完成，机械设备维修保养计划超前半年编制可行性计划，社区管理的周全不留死角。针对这些风险，制定相应的应对策略，确保在面对不可避免的风险时能够及时做出调整，保障项目的进度。
Risk Assessment and Mitigation Strategies。Overseas projects often entail various uncertainties, such as political, cultural, and legal risks. Attention should be given to community management and its potential negative impact on schedule management. A comprehensive risk assessment is crucial in identifying factors that may affect the schedule. Technical solutions were formulated three months ahead of schedule, maintenance plans for mechanical equipment were prepared six months in advance, and community management was thorough with no overlooked aspects. Corresponding mitigation strategies should be devised to ensure timely adjustments when faced with unavoidable risks, safeguarding project schedules.
持续监控与反馈机制。在项目实施的过程中，持续的监控是确保进度管理的有效手段。项目管理团队应当建立起有效的监控体系，定期收集、分析项目的进度数据，以便及时发现偏差并采取纠正措施。同时，建立起有效的反馈机制，使得项目各方能够及时了解项目的进展，共同协作解决可能的问题。控制部门在周例会详细列出上周存在的问题和下周需要解决的问题，让员工了解每个环节出现的问题，更好解决问题，月例会全面反馈负面清单，未完成原因及改进措施以确保基线工期（Baseline）的兑现。
Continuous Monitoring and Feedback Mechanism。Continuous monitoring is a key element in ensuring effective schedule management during project implementation. The project management team should establish an effective monitoring system, regularly collecting and analyzing project schedule data to promptly detect deviations and implement corrective measures. Simultaneously, an efficient feedback mechanism should be in place to keep all project stakeholders informed about progress, facilitating collaborative problem-solving. The control department outlines issues from the previous week and upcoming challenges in weekly meetings, providing employees with insights into each stage's problems. Comprehensive feedback is given in monthly meetings to address negatives, reasons for outstanding tasks, and improvement measures, ensuring adherence to the baseline schedule.
技术支持与创新应用。在海外项目工程中，技术支持和创新应用是进度管理的有力助手。通过引入新技术、新方法，提高工作效率，减少工程实施中的浪费，实现进度的优化。先进的技术方案，更加合理的施工功法是推进进度管理的法宝。引进第三方咨询机构，合理预判存在的问题及时处理。同时，及时采纳符合当地实际情况的本地化技术，确保技术的可行性和适应性。
Technical Support and Innovative Applications。In overseas project engineering, technical support and innovative applications serve as powerful aids in schedule management. Introducing new technologies and methods enhances work efficiency, reduces wastage during project implementation, and optimizes schedules. Advanced technical solutions and more reasonable construction methods are indispensable tools for advancing schedule management. Engaging third-party consulting firms allows for the timely anticipation and resolution of problems. Simultaneously, the timely adoption of localized technologies tailored to local conditions ensures the feasibility and adaptability of the technology.
团队协作与沟通。沟通成本是隐性成本，良好的团队协作和沟通是进度管理的保障。项目管理团队应促进跨职能团队之间的沟通与协作，确保项目各方之间信息的畅通和协同工作的高效。中国籍工程师团队要融进属地化管理团队中去，除了语言之外要更加注重文化的融合。通过团队协作，能够更好地应对项目执行中的挑战，保障项目按计划推进。
Team Collaboration and Communication。Good team collaboration and communication are essential safeguards for schedule management, considering communication costs as implicit costs. The project management team should facilitate communication and collaboration among cross-functional teams, ensuring smooth information flow and efficient teamwork. Chinese engineering teams should integrate into local management teams, emphasizing cultural integration beyond language differences. Through team collaboration, challenges in project execution can be effectively addressed, ensuring the project progresses as planned.
总体而言，海外项目工程的控制管理需要从计划制定、风险评估、持续监控、技术支持和团队协作等多个方面进行综合考虑。只有通过系统而科学的管理手段，在施工环节中坚定执行及时纠偏，项目管理团队才能够更好地确保合同工期的兑现，使得项目能够顺利、高效地实施。这样不仅有助于满足客户的需求，同时也有利于提高项目管理的整体水平。
In conclusion, controlling and managing overseas project engineering involve a comprehensive consideration of aspects such as plan formulation, risk assessment, continuous monitoring, technical support, and team collaboration. Only through systematic and scientific management, coupled with steadfast execution and timely corrections during construction, can project management teams better ensure the realization of contractual timelines, facilitating smooth and efficient project implementation. This not only contributes to meeting customer demands but also enhances the overall level of project management.
作者：朱明跃Jesus
AAPM项目管理学会（中国）专家委专家、MPM持证者
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